Who (Authority Is Constructed and Contextual)
Information resources reflect their creators’ expertise and credibility, and are evaluated based on the information need and the context in which the information will be used. Authority is constructed in that various communities may recognize different types of authority. It is contextual in that the information need may help to determine the level of authority required.
What does Frame 1: "Who?" mean for your research?
This question asks WHO? Do you know WHO has created the information? Are they a good fit for your project? Do they have the authority to speak to your questions? How do you know?
*WATCH these two videos on how to evaluate any source you come across for credibility & what a "peer-reviewed" source is:
Where (Searching as Strategic Exploration)
Searching for information is often nonlinear and iterative, requiring the evaluation of a range of information sources and the mental flexibility to pursue alternate avenues as new understanding develops.
What does Frame 4: "Where?" mean for your research?
This question asks WHERE? WHERE is your starting place? WHERE do your passions and interests lie? WHERE do you want to end up in creating meaningful and concise research questions?
*WATCH this video about picking a good research topic, the basis of all effective research papers.
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WHO |
Authority Is Constructed & Contextual
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“Experts know how to seek authoritative voices but also recognize that unlikely voices can be authoritative, depending on need.” |
Who are the authorities in my field? |
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WHAT |
Information Creation as a Process |
“Recognizing the nature of information creation, experts look to the underlying processes of creation as well as the final product to critically evaluate the usefulness of the information”
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What kind of information is appropriate for my research?
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WHEN |
Scholarship as Conversation |
“Developing familiarity with the sources of evidence, methods, and modes of discourse in the field assists novice learners to enter the conversation” |
When have I spent enough time listening to expert voices and developing my own responses? When can I join the conversation? |
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WHERE |
Searching as Strategic Exploration |
“Experts realize that information searching is a contextualized, complex experience that affects, and is affected by, the cognitive, affective, and social dimensions of the searcher” |
Where is my search for information taking me? Where do I see developing my own project?
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WHY |
Research as Inquiry |
“Experts recognize the collaborative effort within a discipline to extend the knowledge in that field. Many times, this process includes points of disagreement where debate and dialogue work to deepen the conversations around knowledge” |
Why is engaging in challenging conversations in my field necessary? Why should my own biases be challenged?
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HOW |
Information Has Value |
“The value of information is manifested in various contexts, including publishing practices, access to information, the commodification of personal information, and intellectual property laws” (“Framework,” 2015) |
How well do I understand the privileges of information creation? How am I giving credit where credit is due?
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