Citation Styles & Tools: RefWorks, Handbooks, & More

Turabian citation offers two different forms of in-text citation, using either footnotes or parentheses. 

Generally, humanities subjects like theology and history use footnotes, while sciences use parentheses.
 

1. Notes-Bibliography Style -- a.k.a Humanities; Footnotes; Endnotes (Ch. 16-17 in A Manual for Writers)
    
2. Author-Date Style -- a.k.a Parenthetical; Reference List (Ch. 18-19 in A Manual for Writers)
    

What is the difference between the two?
 

Notes-Bibliography uses footnotes. A footnote for a book looks like this:

1. Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (Boston: Little, Brown, 2000), 64–65.
 

Or, shortened form:
 

2. Gladwell, Tipping Point, 71.
 

Author-Date cites in parentheses at the end of a sentence, not in a footnote, and it looks like this:

(Gladwell 2000, 64–65)
 

Differences between the two styles in the bibliography at the end of your paper:
 

Notes-Bibliography puts the year at the end of the publication information, like this:
 

Gladwell, Malcolm. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston: Little, Brown, 2000.
 

Author-Date puts the year right before the title, like this:
 

Gladwell, Malcolm. 2000. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston: Little, Brown.

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